runtime: deliver os/signal notifications under the threads scheduler

What this does

signal.Notify delivers a signal on hosted linux and macOS only while some
other goroutine is in time.Sleep. Both hosts default to -scheduler=threads.
A program that installs a handler and then waits on the channel, which is what a
command does to stop on SIGINT, waits for ever.

The receiving goroutine in os/signal calls signal_recv, which parks itself
with task.Pause when nothing is pending. Only checkSignals resumes it, and
on the receive path the callers of checkSignals are waitForEvents, the idle
hook of the cooperative scheduler, and sleepTicks. With threads there is no
scheduler loop, so waitForEvents never runs and only a sleep elsewhere in the
program lets a signal through. This is why the current testdata/signal.go
passes. It sleeps for 100 ms in main.

signal_recv now blocks on a futex of its own that the handler wakes, with the
same 0/1 protocol that the handler already uses on signalFutex. It cannot
share signalFutex, because sleepTicks waits on that one too and swaps it
back to zero, so a time.Sleep anywhere in the program would take the wakeup of
the receiver. The handler only gets an atomic store and a futex wake syscall,
which are both safe in a signal handler on an arbitrary thread. The
stop-the-world signal of the GC uses a different handler that this does not
touch.

signalWaitUntilIdle, which signal.Stop and signal.Reset call before they
return, had the same problem from the other side. It spun on Gosched, which is
a no-op with threads, so it used a core until the receiver emptied the last
signal. It now waits on a futex that signal_recv wakes.

The two versions live in src/runtime/signal_cooperative.go and
src/runtime/signal_threads.go, split on scheduler.threads like the
schedulers themselves.

Evidence

testdata/signal.go gets a first phase that waits on the channel and nothing
else, so no timer and no sleep can carry the delivery. It is already in the
TestBuild host list, so it runs in the linux and the macOS CI jobs with no
test-list change.

Built on macOS 26.6 arm64, default scheduler.

A downstream product also ships binaries built with a fork that carries this
change, in the published release dispat v1.4.0.
https://github.com/yohimik/dispat/releases/tag/services%2Fdispat%2Fv1.4.0

Scope and known gaps

• The cooperative half keeps the current code. It moves file, and nothing else.
• On a hosted POSIX host the cooperative half cannot be reached today.
  -scheduler=tasks fails to link on darwin with duplicate symbol: _tinygo_task_exit, and -scheduler=asyncify fails with undefined: task.SystemStack. Both failures also happen on the current dev branch with
  testdata/print.go, so they are separate and are not addressed here.
• os/signal.signal_ignored is still missing, so tinygo test os/signal does
  not link. That is why the test is a testdata program and not the standard
  library suite. It can be a follow-up.
• No change for wasm, wasip1, wasip2, windows or baremetal.

Related

This is what a command line program needs for an orderly stop on SIGINT or
SIGTERM. It is one of the pieces that made a real CLI work under TinyGo on
hosted linux and macOS.

Related pull requests

This change is part of one body of work. Together the changes make programs that use the network and child processes work on hosted linux and macOS. A full CLI was tested end to end with all of them and ships binaries built this way, see dispat v1.4.0 in the evidence section.

In this repository

• sync: hand the RWMutex over instead of a re-test of the reader count #5630 sync, RWMutex hand-over. Bug fix, standalone.
• runtime: deliver os/signal notifications under the threads scheduler #5631 runtime, os/signal delivery with the threads scheduler. Bug fix, standalone.
• compiler,runtime: call fcntl through a C wrapper on darwin #5632 compiler and runtime, fcntl on darwin. Bug fix, standalone.
• runtime: implement weak.runtime_makeStrongFromWeak #5633 runtime, weak.runtime_makeStrongFromWeak. Needed by real crypto/tls.
• os: start processes with posix_spawn #5634 os, start processes with posix_spawn.
• loader: use the real crypto/tls on hosted linux and darwin #5635 loader, real crypto/tls on hosted linux and darwin.
• builder: declare the BSD socket API in the darwin libSystem stub #5636 builder, BSD socket symbols in the darwin libSystem stub.

In tinygo-org/net

• net/http: follow redirects in the client again net#72 net/http, follow redirects in the client again.
• net: report a name that does not exist as a not-found lookup error net#73 net, report a name that does not exist as a not-found error.
• net: extend the host netdev to darwin net#74 net, extend the host netdev to darwin.
• net/http: give the HTTPS client trust roots on darwin net#75 net/http, give the HTTPS client trust roots on darwin.

A merge order that works. The three bug fixes are independent. #5633 goes before #5635. HTTPS on linux needs only #5633 and #5635. Full darwin support also needs #5636, the net changes and a new src/net submodule pin.